Stepping motor is a control motor that converts electric pulse signal into mechanical angular displacement. The so-called electric pulse is similar to pulse. When the pulse beats, it is the time when the heart beats. The pulse beat is similar to the high battery of pulse, and when the pulse does not beat, it is the low battery.

When there is current passing through, the stepping motor will rotate. When there is no current passing through, the stepping motor will stand still. The stepping motor can be divided into reactive type (VR), permanent magnet type (PM) and hybrid type (HB). Each has its own advantages. It is selected according to the actual needs. Below, we take the reactive type as an example to illustrate the structure and working principle of the stepping motor.

The stepping motor is composed of two parts, stator and rotor. The stator and rotor are familiar after learning DC motor. There are six magnetic poles on the stator and four magnetic poles on the rotor. AA 'is one phase, BB' is one phase and CC 'is one phase on the stator. Therefore, the magnetic stepping motor is a three-phase stepping motor.

When the stepper motor receives an electric pulse signal, it will rotate a fixed angle accordingly, and the minimum angle of each rotation is called the step angle. In detail, when the stepper motor receives an electric pulse signal, a is energized to align rotors 1, 3 and AA ', the next pulse signal comes, B is energized to align rotors 2 and 4 with BB', and the third pulse signal comes, C is energized, and rotors 3, 1 and CC 'are aligned. This driving mode is three-phase three beat driving mode.

Therefore, the stepper motor rotates by the number of pulses, and it can give as many pulses as it needs to rotate. Therefore, the stepper motor can be accurately positioned. At the same time, the rotation speed and acceleration of the motor can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency, that is, how long to give a pulse, so that the speed can be adjusted.